Dear Cicy,
This is a good question.
A patent engineer is literally just that: an engineer who works with patents. It is not very common in the US, but it is very common in Europe.
It is a result of the difference between US Patent attorneys and European patent attorneys. In Europe, one is required to work for several years as an apprentice writing and prosecuting applications before being allowed to sit for the European Qualifying Exam (EQE). During this period of apprenticeship, one is usually employed as a patent engineer. In the US on the other hand no qualification other than a technical degree is required to sit for the USPTO's exam.
Not every patent engineer is training to become an attorney. The patent engineers job is to work with the inventors and business managers to define which patents should be filed. Here in Sweden there is a professional association of patent engineers.
There are also patent engineers in China - when I was working for Ericsson we employed several Chinese engineers as patent engineers in Beijing.
I am a registered US agent, but I don't file and prosecute applications for patent and I have spent most of my career in Europe. I work primarily as a strategy and licensing consultant. My expertise is helping companies to understand HOW to use their patents and their patent attorneys in the most effective way.
I see myself as more of a business consultant than a "patent" consultant.
Please send me a private mail through my website
http://www.patent08.comand I will arrange to send a copy of my book, Patent or Perish. It is a book about patent strategy and the special roles patents play in complex technologies like software and telecommunications.
China is not so far behind the US and Europe. SIPO has built a good system in the German model. When I was meeting with MII and CATT some years ago, I was impressed with the level of knowledge of the senior level officials had about patents.
Kind Regards,
Eric Stasik